22. 23. Nephrology & Urology

• Draw diagram of nephron. Dec 19; 3mrks
• Anatomy & function of nephron. Dec 18; 4mrks
• Structure of glomerulus with diagrammatic representation. Apr 16; 6mrks
• Approach to child with gross recurrent hematuria. Dec 19; 5mrks
• Management of 5 yr old child with first episode of hematuria. Jun 19; 5mrks
• Causes of recurrent hematuria. Jun 17; 5mrk
• Etiopathogenesis of RPGN. Dec 17; 6mrks
• What are glomerular changes in RPGN. Apr 16; 4mrks
• Management of HUS. Dec 17; 4mrks
• Diagnosis & management of HUS. Jun 20; 5mrks
• Classification , etiopathogenesis & management of HUS. Jun 16; 3+4+3mrks
• How do you classify & treat lupus nephritis. Jun 16; 5mrks
• Classify Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Discuss its pathogenesis, clinical features and management. Dec 13; 2+3+3+2mrks
• A 3 year old child is brought with history of acute dysentery around 10 days back. Now the child developed pallor with oliguria. Discuss the differential diagnosis, investigative approach and treatment of this child. Jun 13; 3+4+3mrks
• Describe the diagnostic approach and management of a six year old child presenting with purpuric rash and pedal edema following an episode of acute diarrhoea. Dec 11; 4+6mrks
• Discuss the pathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of infantile polycystic kidney. Dec 11; 2+2+3+3mrks
• Indication of kidney biopsy in child with massive proteinuria. Jun 18; 4mrks
• Steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome. Dec 20; 5mrks
• Immunomodulator therapy in nephrotic syndrome. Jun 19; 5mrks
• Treatment of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome. Dec 15, 18; 5mrks
• What is pathogenesis of edema in nephrotic syndrome. Jun 18; 5mrks
• Management of steroid resistant & steroid dependant nephrotic syndrome. Apr 16; 5+5mrks
• Enumerate causes of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome & discuss it's management. Dec 14; 4+6mrks
• Enumerate renal tubular functions and describe the tests to evaluate tubular disorders for the proximal tubule. How will you treat a child with proximal renal tubular acidosis? Jun 14; 3+4+3mrks
• Management of hypernatremic dehydration. Dec 17; Jun 16; 5mrks
• Diagnostic tests & management of renal artery stenosis. Jun 21; 5mrks
• Diagnosis & management of distal RTA. Jun 16; 5mrks
• Enumerate renal tubular functions and describe the tests to evaluate tubular disorders for the proximal tubule. How will you treat a child with proximal renal tubular acidosis? Jun 14; 3+4+3mrks
• Discuss etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations and management of Bartter Syndrome. Dec 13; 2+4+4mrks
• Medical management of acute renal failure & indications of dialysis. Jun 21; 5mrks
• Renal osteodystrophy. Jun 20; 5mrks
• Investigations & management of AKI. Dec 19; 7mrks
• Pathophysiology, causes, clinical features and management of acute renal failure in children. Jun 17; 3+3+2+2mrks
• A 3 year old child is brought with history of acute dysentery around 10 days back. Now the child developed pallor with oliguria. Discuss the differential diagnosis, investigative approach and treatment of this child. Jun 13; 3+4+3mrks
• Write short notes on: a) Paediatric RIFLE criteria for acute kidney injury. b) Urinary indices in acute renal failure. Jun 13; 5+5mrks
• Define oliguria in a 2 day old newborn. Enumerate the causes of oliguria and outline its management. Dec 12; 2+2+6mrks
• Point of care test for diagnosis of UTI. Dec 20; 5mrks
• a) Grading of vesicoureteric reflux. b) Outline the evaluation plan for an infant presenting with UTI. Dec 16; 2+3mrks
• How is urinary tract infection diagnosed? Draw an algorithm for evaluation of a child after the first episode of UTI. Describe the utility of a DMSA scan. Jun 14; 2+5+3mrks
• Define vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) and reflux nephropathy. Classify various grades of VUR with diagrammatic representation and outline its management. Dec 12; 2+3+5mrks
• Management of VUR
• Classify VUR
• Describe briefly various types of renal nuclear scans
• Causes & management of VUR
• a) Grading of vesicoureteric reflux. b) Outline the evaluation plan for an infant presenting with UTI. Dec 16; 2+3mrks
• Grading, classification and natural history of vesicoureteric reflux. Jun 15; 3+3+5mrks
• Define vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) and reflux nephropathy. Classify various grades of VUR with diagrammatic representation and outline its management. Dec 12; 2+3+5mrks
• Renal scans. Dec 18; 5mrks
• How is urinary tract infection diagnosed? Draw an algorithm for evaluation of a child after the first episode of UTI. Describe the utility of a DMSA scan. Jun 14; 2+5+3mrks
• Management of child with nocturnal enuresis. Jun 21; 5mrks
• Diagnosis & treatment of 8 yr old child with nocturnal enuresis. Jun 18; 6mrks
• Voiding dysfunction in children. Dec 13; 5mrks